| diskless.8 (69059) | diskless.8 (70466) |
|---|---|
| 1.\" $NetBSD: diskless.8,v 1.11 1997/06/16 07:50:35 mrg Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 1994 Gordon W. Ross, Theo de Raadt 4.\" All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 7.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 8.\" are met: --- 11 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 20.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, 21.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT 22.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, 23.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY 24.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT 25.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF 26.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 27.\" | 1.\" $NetBSD: diskless.8,v 1.11 1997/06/16 07:50:35 mrg Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 1994 Gordon W. Ross, Theo de Raadt 4.\" All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 7.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 8.\" are met: --- 11 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 20.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, 21.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT 22.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, 23.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY 24.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT 25.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF 26.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 27.\" |
| 28.\" $FreeBSD: head/share/man/man8/diskless.8 69059 2000-11-22 18:00:50Z phantom $ | 28.\" $FreeBSD: head/share/man/man8/diskless.8 70466 2000-12-29 09:18:45Z ru $ |
| 29.\" 30.Dd October 2, 1994 31.Dt DISKLESS 8 32.Os 33.Sh NAME 34.Nm diskless 35.Nd booting a system over the network 36.Sh DESCRIPTION --- 6 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 43This file provides a general description of the interactions between 44a client and its server when a client is booting over the network. 45The general description is followed by specific instructions for 46configuring a server for diskless Sun clients. 47.Sh OPERATION 48When booting a system over the network, there are three 49phases of interaction between client and server: 50.Pp | 29.\" 30.Dd October 2, 1994 31.Dt DISKLESS 8 32.Os 33.Sh NAME 34.Nm diskless 35.Nd booting a system over the network 36.Sh DESCRIPTION --- 6 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 43This file provides a general description of the interactions between 44a client and its server when a client is booting over the network. 45The general description is followed by specific instructions for 46configuring a server for diskless Sun clients. 47.Sh OPERATION 48When booting a system over the network, there are three 49phases of interaction between client and server: 50.Pp |
| 51.Bl -tag -width 1.2 -compact 52.It 1. | 51.Bl -enum -compact 52.It |
| 53The PROM (or stage-1 bootstrap) loads a boot program. | 53The PROM (or stage-1 bootstrap) loads a boot program. |
| 54.It 2. | 54.It |
| 55The boot program loads a kernel. | 55The boot program loads a kernel. |
| 56.It 3. | 56.It |
| 57The kernel does NFS mounts for root. 58.El 59.Pp 60Each of these phases are described in further detail below. 61.Pp 62In phase 1, the PROM loads a boot program. PROM designs 63vary widely, so this phase is inherently machine-specific. 64Sun machines use --- 11 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 76network boot program either from diskette or 77using a special PROM on the network card. 78.Pp 79In phase 2, the boot program loads a kernel. Operation in 80this phase depends on the design of the boot program. 81(The design described here is the one used by Sun and NetBSD/hp300.) 82The boot program: 83.Pp | 57The kernel does NFS mounts for root. 58.El 59.Pp 60Each of these phases are described in further detail below. 61.Pp 62In phase 1, the PROM loads a boot program. PROM designs 63vary widely, so this phase is inherently machine-specific. 64Sun machines use --- 11 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 76network boot program either from diskette or 77using a special PROM on the network card. 78.Pp 79In phase 2, the boot program loads a kernel. Operation in 80this phase depends on the design of the boot program. 81(The design described here is the one used by Sun and NetBSD/hp300.) 82The boot program: 83.Pp |
| 84.Bl -tag -width 2.2 -compact | 84.Bl -tag -width \&2.2 -compact |
| 85.It 2.1 86gets the client IP address using 87.Tn RARP . 88.It 2.2 89gets the client name and server 90.Tn IP 91address by broadcasting an 92.Tn RPC / BOOTPARAMS / WHOAMI --- 20 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 113.El 114.Pp 115In phase 3, the kernel does NFS mounts for root. 116The kernel repeats much of the work done by the boot program 117because there is no standard way for the boot program to pass 118the information it gathered on to the kernel. 119The procedure used by the kernel is as follows: 120.Pp | 85.It 2.1 86gets the client IP address using 87.Tn RARP . 88.It 2.2 89gets the client name and server 90.Tn IP 91address by broadcasting an 92.Tn RPC / BOOTPARAMS / WHOAMI --- 20 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 113.El 114.Pp 115In phase 3, the kernel does NFS mounts for root. 116The kernel repeats much of the work done by the boot program 117because there is no standard way for the boot program to pass 118the information it gathered on to the kernel. 119The procedure used by the kernel is as follows: 120.Pp |
| 121.Bl -tag -width 2.2 -compact | 121.Bl -tag -width \&2.2 -compact |
| 122.It 3.1 123The kernel finds a boot server using the same procedure 124as described in steps 2.1 and 2.2 above. 125.It 3.2 126The kernel gets the 127.Tn NFS 128file handle for root using the same procedure 129as described in steps 2.3 through 2.5 above. --- 7 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 137Before a client can boot over the network, 138its server must be configured correctly. 139This example will demonstrate how a Sun client 140might be configured -- other clients should be similar. 141.Pp 142Assuming the client's hostname is to be 143"myclient", 144.Pp | 122.It 3.1 123The kernel finds a boot server using the same procedure 124as described in steps 2.1 and 2.2 above. 125.It 3.2 126The kernel gets the 127.Tn NFS 128file handle for root using the same procedure 129as described in steps 2.3 through 2.5 above. --- 7 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 137Before a client can boot over the network, 138its server must be configured correctly. 139This example will demonstrate how a Sun client 140might be configured -- other clients should be similar. 141.Pp 142Assuming the client's hostname is to be 143"myclient", 144.Pp |
| 145.Bl -tag -width 2.1 -compact 146.It 1. | 145.Bl -enum 146.It |
| 147Add an entry to 148.Pa /etc/ethers 149corresponding to the client's ethernet address: 150.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact 1518:0:20:7:c5:c7 myclient 152.Ed 153This will be used by 154.Xr rarpd 8 . | 147Add an entry to 148.Pa /etc/ethers 149corresponding to the client's ethernet address: 150.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact 1518:0:20:7:c5:c7 myclient 152.Ed 153This will be used by 154.Xr rarpd 8 . |
| 155.Pp 156.It 2. | 155.It |
| 157Assign an IP address for myclient in your 158.Pa /etc/hosts 159or DNS database: 160.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact 161192.197.96.12 myclient 162.Ed | 156Assign an IP address for myclient in your 157.Pa /etc/hosts 158or DNS database: 159.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact 160192.197.96.12 myclient 161.Ed |
| 163.Pp 164.It 3. | 162.It |
| 165If booting a Sun machine, ensure that 166.Pa /etc/inetd.conf 167is configured to run 168.Xr tftpd 8 169in the directory 170.Pa /tftpboot . 171.Pp 172If booting an HP 300-series machine, ensure that 173.Pa /etc/rbootd.conf 174is configured properly to transfer the boot program to the client. 175An entry might look like this: 176.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact 17708:00:09:01:23:E6 SYS_UBOOT # myclient 178.Ed 179.Pp 180See the 181.Xr rbootd 8 182manual page for more information. | 163If booting a Sun machine, ensure that 164.Pa /etc/inetd.conf 165is configured to run 166.Xr tftpd 8 167in the directory 168.Pa /tftpboot . 169.Pp 170If booting an HP 300-series machine, ensure that 171.Pa /etc/rbootd.conf 172is configured properly to transfer the boot program to the client. 173An entry might look like this: 174.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact 17508:00:09:01:23:E6 SYS_UBOOT # myclient 176.Ed 177.Pp 178See the 179.Xr rbootd 8 180manual page for more information. |
| 183.Pp 184.It 4. | 181.It |
| 185If booting a SPARC machine, install a copy of the appropriate diskless boot 186loader (such as 187.Pa /usr/mdec/boot ) 188in the 189.Pa /tftpboot 190directory. 191Make a link such that the boot program is 192accessible by a file name composed of the client's IP address --- 14 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 207.Pp 208If booting an HP 300-series machine, ensure that the network boot program 209.Pa SYS_UBOOT 210(which may be called 211.Pa uboot.lif 212before installation) 213is installed in the directory 214.Pa /usr/mdec/rbootd . | 182If booting a SPARC machine, install a copy of the appropriate diskless boot 183loader (such as 184.Pa /usr/mdec/boot ) 185in the 186.Pa /tftpboot 187directory. 188Make a link such that the boot program is 189accessible by a file name composed of the client's IP address --- 14 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 204.Pp 205If booting an HP 300-series machine, ensure that the network boot program 206.Pa SYS_UBOOT 207(which may be called 208.Pa uboot.lif 209before installation) 210is installed in the directory 211.Pa /usr/mdec/rbootd . |
| 215 216.It 5. | 212.It |
| 217Add myclient to the bootparams database 218.Pa /etc/bootparams : 219.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact 220myclient root=server:/export/myclient/root 221.Ed 222.Pp 223Note: For the swap file to be mountable, you have to make sure that mountd is 224started with the 225.Fl r 226flag. | 213Add myclient to the bootparams database 214.Pa /etc/bootparams : 215.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact 216myclient root=server:/export/myclient/root 217.Ed 218.Pp 219Note: For the swap file to be mountable, you have to make sure that mountd is 220started with the 221.Fl r 222flag. |
| 227 228.It 6. | 223.It |
| 229Build the swap file for myclient: 230.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact 231# mkdir /export/myclient 232# cd /export/myclient 233# dd if=/dev/zero of=swap bs=16k count=1024 234.Ed 235This creates a 16 Megabyte swap file. | 224Build the swap file for myclient: 225.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact 226# mkdir /export/myclient 227# cd /export/myclient 228# dd if=/dev/zero of=swap bs=16k count=1024 229.Ed 230This creates a 16 Megabyte swap file. |
| 236.Pp 237.It 7. | 231.It |
| 238Populate myclient's 239.Pa / 240filesystem on the server. How this is done depends on the 241client architecture and the version of the NetBSD distribution. 242It can be as simple as copying and modifying the server's root 243filesystem, or perhaps you need to get those files out of the 244standard binary distribution. 245.Pp 246Note that, unlike SunOS, you need to create a mount point for the 247client's swap: 248.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact 249# mkdir /export/myclient/root/swap 250.Ed | 232Populate myclient's 233.Pa / 234filesystem on the server. How this is done depends on the 235client architecture and the version of the NetBSD distribution. 236It can be as simple as copying and modifying the server's root 237filesystem, or perhaps you need to get those files out of the 238standard binary distribution. 239.Pp 240Note that, unlike SunOS, you need to create a mount point for the 241client's swap: 242.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact 243# mkdir /export/myclient/root/swap 244.Ed |
| 251.Pp 252.It 8. | 245.It |
| 253Export the required filesystems in 254.Pa /etc/exports : 255.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact 256/usr -ro myclient 257# for SunOS: 258# /export/myclient -rw=myclient,root=myclient 259# for NetBSD: 260/export/myclient -maproot=root -alldirs myclient --- 12 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 273.Pa /export/usr.sun3 274and then use the following 275.Pa /etc/exports 276lines: 277.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact 278/export/usr.sun3 -ro myclient 279/export/myclient -rw=myclient,root=myclient 280.Ed | 246Export the required filesystems in 247.Pa /etc/exports : 248.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact 249/usr -ro myclient 250# for SunOS: 251# /export/myclient -rw=myclient,root=myclient 252# for NetBSD: 253/export/myclient -maproot=root -alldirs myclient --- 12 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 266.Pa /export/usr.sun3 267and then use the following 268.Pa /etc/exports 269lines: 270.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact 271/export/usr.sun3 -ro myclient 272/export/myclient -rw=myclient,root=myclient 273.Ed |
| 281.Pp 282.It 9. | 274.It |
| 283Copy and customize at least the following files in 284.Pa /export/myclient/root : 285.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact 286# cd /export/myclient/root/etc 287# cp fstab.nfs fstab 288# cp /etc/hosts hosts 289# echo myclient > myname 290# echo 192.197.96.12 > hostname.le0 291.Ed 292.Pp 293Note that "le0" above should be replaced with the name of 294the network interface that the client will use for booting. | 275Copy and customize at least the following files in 276.Pa /export/myclient/root : 277.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact 278# cd /export/myclient/root/etc 279# cp fstab.nfs fstab 280# cp /etc/hosts hosts 281# echo myclient > myname 282# echo 192.197.96.12 > hostname.le0 283.Ed 284.Pp 285Note that "le0" above should be replaced with the name of 286the network interface that the client will use for booting. |
| 295.Pp 296.It 10. | 287.It |
| 297Correct the critical mount points and the swap file in the client's 298.Pa /etc/fstab 299(which will be 300.Pa /export/myclient/root/etc/fstab ) 301ie. 302.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact 303myserver:/export/myclient/root / nfs rw 0 0 304myserver:/usr /usr nfs rw 0 0 --- 33 unchanged lines hidden --- | 288Correct the critical mount points and the swap file in the client's 289.Pa /etc/fstab 290(which will be 291.Pa /export/myclient/root/etc/fstab ) 292ie. 293.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact 294myserver:/export/myclient/root / nfs rw 0 0 295myserver:/usr /usr nfs rw 0 0 --- 33 unchanged lines hidden --- |